{"id":106,"date":"2017-11-08T20:09:56","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T12:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/?p=106"},"modified":"2017-11-08T20:09:56","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T12:09:56","slug":"etcfstab-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/?p=106","title":{"rendered":"\/etc\/fstab \u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca"},"content":{"rendered":"

\/etc\/fstab \u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6fstab\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\uff08\u5206\u533a\uff09\u88ab\u600e\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6574\u5408\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u662f\/etc\/fstab\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6253\u5f00\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u662froot\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u7f16\u8f91\u5b83\u3002\u540c\u65f6fsck\u3001mount\u3001umount\u7684\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u7528fstab\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5206\u533a\u3001\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eWindows\u4e0earch\u53cc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528fstab\u6302\u8f7dFAT\u683c\u5f0f\u548cNTFS\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u5171\u4eabwindows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
\nfstab\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684fstab\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

# <\/file><\/p>\n

none \/dev\/pts devpts defaults 0 0
\nnone \/dev\/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0<\/pass><\/dump><\/options><\/type><\/dir> <\/p>\n

\/dev\/cdrom \/media\/cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide 0 0
\n\/dev\/dvd \/media\/dvd udf ro,user,noauto,unhide 0 0
\n\/dev\/fd0 \/media\/fl auto user,noauto 0 0<\/p>\n

\/dev\/hda1 swap swap defaults 0 0
\n\/dev\/hda4 \/ ext3 defaults 0 1
\n\/dev\/hda3 \/home xfs rw,suid,exec,auto,nouser,async 0 2<\/p>\n

fstab\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9fstab\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684entry\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u7684fields (fields\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u6216tab\u5206\u5f00):<\/p>\n

<\/file><\/p>\n

<\/pass><\/dump><\/options><\/type><\/dir> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u786c\u76d8\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u533a\uff0cDVD\u5149\u9a71\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u544a\u77e5\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5206\u533a\uff09\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6302\u8f7d\uff08mount\uff09\u3001\u5378\u8f7d\uff08umount\uff09\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u3002so one should substitute for this entry the device name, remote partition, or similar. <\/file><\/p>\n

, \u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6307\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u5206\u533a\u4e3a\u4f55\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aext2, ext3, reiserfs, xfs, jfs, smbfs, iso9660, vfat, ntfs, swap\u7b49\uff09\u3002 archLinux\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u652f\u6301\u540d\u5355\u67e5\u627emount man-page\u3002\u5178\u578b \u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1aext2, ext3, reiserfs, xfs, jfs, smbfs, iso9660, vfat, ntfs, swap\u548cauto, ‘auto’ \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9mount\u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8f6f\u76d8\uff0cDVD\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u6b21\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 <\/type>\uff0c\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff01\uff01\uff01 <\/options><\/p>\n

\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u4f60\u6240\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u4f7f\u4e2d\u6587\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3001\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u6302\u8f7d\u5206\u533a\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e0emount\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53c2\u8003mount manpage.<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

noatime \u5173\u95edatime\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u8001\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u653e\u5fc3\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11loadcycle<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

defaults \u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u7b49\u4e8erw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/p>\n

auto \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165mount -a\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d
\nnoauto \u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5206\u533a\uff09\u53ea\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d The file system can be mounted only explicitly.<\/p>\n

IO\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

iocharset\uff1d \u5728\uff1d\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5206\u533a\uff09\u4e2d\u505a\u6587\u4ef6IO\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u505a\u7f16
\n\u7801\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u662f\u7f16\u7801\u662futf8\uff0c\u800c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u662fgb2312\uff0c\u5f53\u662f\u590d\u5236\u4f60\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u8fd9
\n\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u505a\u7f16\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u597d\u50cf\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684nls\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u4e71\u7801\u7684\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n

nls= \u5728=\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

umask= \u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6bd4\u4e0b\u9762\u7684ro\uff0crw\u9009\u9879\u66f4\u7ba1\u7528\uff01\uff01\uff01
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aumask=000\u62160222\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6option\u4e2d\u6709default\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u8bfb\u5199\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u8865\u5145\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n

ro \u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6743\u9650
\nrw \u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

exec \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u3002
\nnoexec \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u4f60\u7684root\u5206\u533a\u4e2d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n

I\/O\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n

sync \u6240\u6709\u7684I\/O\u5c06\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c
\nasync \u6240\u6709\u7684I\/O\u5c06\u4ee5\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u6302\u8f7d\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

user \u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907\u3002 Implies noexec,nosuid,nodev unless overridden.
\nnouser \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u7528\u6237\u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

suid Permit the operation of suid, and sgid bits. They are mostly used to allow users on a computer system to execute binary executables with temporarily elevated privileges in order to perform a specific task.
\nnosuid Blocks the operation of suid, and sgid bits.<\/p>\n

\u662fdump utility\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u505a\u5907\u4efd\u7684. \u5b89\u88c5\u4e4b\u540e(Arch Linux\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0d\u5b89\u88c5dump\u7684), dump\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5entry\u5e76\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f0\u548c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f0\uff0cdump\u5c31\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f1\uff0cdump\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5dump\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e2aentry\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u4e3a0\u3002 <\/dump><\/dump><\/p>\n fsck\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5934\u76ee\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff08looks at the number substituted for and determines in which order the file systems should be checked\uff09\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f0, 1, \u548c2\u3002 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u9879\u662f0\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88abfsck utility\u68c0\u67e5\u3002root\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\uff0c 1\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8ba9\u5b83\u88abcheck\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u62102\u3002 <\/pass><\/pass><\/pass>\n

\u6ce8\u610f: \u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5206\u533a\uff09\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528UUID\u6216\u5377\u540d\u3002\u683c\u5f0f LABEL= or UUID=\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, `LABEL=Boot’ or `UUID=3e6be9de-8139-11d1-9106-a43f08d823a6′. <\/uuid>
\n\u7528fstab\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7dFAT32\u548cNTFS\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

1.\u5148\u5728\u7528fdisk -l\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728root\u6743\u9650\u4e0b\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff03 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
\n\/dev\/sda1 * 1 2397 19253871 b W95 FAT32
\n\/dev\/sda2 2398 3144 6000277+ 83 Linux
\n\/dev\/sda3 3145 9729 52894012+ 5 Extended
\n\/dev\/sda5 3145 3152 64228+ 83 Linux
\n\/dev\/sda6 3153 3276 995998+ 82 Linux swap \/ Solaris
\n\/dev\/sda7 3277 7340 32644048+ 83 Linux
\n\/dev\/sda8 7341 9729 19189611 7 HPFS\/NTFS<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5206\u533asda1\u548csda8\u4e3aNTFS\u683c\u5f0f\uff0csda1\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3awindow\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5728\u76d8\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6301\u8f7d\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8sda8\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u4e0a\u53bb\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u6302\u8f7d\u5728”\/”\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u7528\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\/etc\/fstab\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

nano \/etc\/fstab<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n

\/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/WindowsC vfat defaults,codepage=936,iocharset=cp936,umask=0222 0 0
\n\/dev\/sda8 \/mnt\/WindowsD ntfs defaults,iocharset=utf8,umask=000,nls=utf8 0 0<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528936\u7684codepage\u6302\u5728fat32\u5206\u533a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210linux\u4e0b\u8bc6\u522b\u4e2d\u6587\u6b63\u5e38\u4f46\u662f\u5230windows\u4e0b\u53cd\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u66ff\u6362\u6210utf8\uff0c\u4f46\u662fdmesg\u63d0\u793a\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0cn\u591a\u4eba\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/WindowsC vfat user,utf8,umask=000 0 0<\/p>\n

3.\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n

mount -a<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u5728\/mnt\/WindowsC\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u533asda1\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\/home\/username\/WindowsD\u4e2d\u627e\u5230sda8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9(\u5176\u4e2dusername\u6307\u7528\u6237\u540d)\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\/etc\/fstab \u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca \u6587\u4ef6fstab\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kejidana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}